Complex Trauma
A broad disorder resulting from repeated or prolonged traumatization that affects emotional experience, relationships, and self-image.
Complex trauma (C-PTSD) differs from single-event trauma in that it results from repeated or prolonged harmful experiences. It is most typically related to childhood experiences.
Causes of complex trauma
- Childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse
- Long-term domestic violence
- Childhood neglect or abandonment
- Prolonged bullying
- War experiences or torture
Symptoms
Complex trauma causes, in addition to PTSD symptoms: - Emotional regulation difficulties: Difficulty regulating emotions, sudden mood swings - Changes in self-perception: Guilt, shame, feelings of worthlessness - Relationship problems: Difficulty trusting others, insecurity in close relationships - Dissociation: Feeling detached from self or surroundings
Treatment
Complex trauma treatment is typically long-term (1–3 years) and progresses in phases: 1. Stabilization: Creating safety, managing symptoms 2. Trauma processing: Processing memories safely 3. Integration: Building a new self-image and relationships
Treatment methods include psychodynamic therapy, schema therapy, and trauma-focused cognitive therapy.