Attachment Theory

Attachment theory (John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth) is one of the most influential psychological theories. It explains how childhood caregiving relationships shape adult relationship patterns.

Attachment styles

• Secure attachment: Trust in others, ability for closeness and independence. About 60% of adults.
• Avoidant attachment: Emphasis on independence, difficulty showing emotions and needs. About 25%.
• Anxious attachment: Fear of abandonment, strong need for closeness and reassurance. About 10%.
• Disorganized attachment: Conflicted relationship with closeness, often trauma background. About 5%.

How does attachment style affect relationships?

Attachment style affects how we react in conflicts, express our needs, and regulate emotions in relationships. Different attachment style combinations can create typical interaction cycles (e.g., pursuer-withdrawer).

Can attachment style be changed?

Yes. Long-term therapy, especially schema therapy and psychodynamic therapy, can help identify and change harmful attachment patterns. A secure therapeutic relationship is itself a corrective experience.